Robert Morris vs Kent State (04/04/12)



News Box Score

                                The Automated ScoreBook
                          Robert Morris at Kent State (Game 1)
                      04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio (KSU Softball Field)

Robert Morris 4 (19-14,5-3)                   Kent State 1 (16-17,3-1)

Player                      AB  R  H BI       Player                      AB  R  H BI
---------------------------------------       ---------------------------------------
Calderone 2b...............  4  0  0  0       Grimes cf..................  3  0  0  0
Show ss....................  4  2  0  0        Chance cf.................  1  0  0  0
Capp 1b....................  4  1  3  1       Ramos lf...................  4  0  0  0
 Patton pr.................  0  0  0  0       Ledford 2b.................  3  0  0  0
Timko cf...................  4  0  2  2       Blanton c..................  1  0  1  0
Santillo c.................  4  0  1  0        Starr pr..................  0  0  0  0
 Tanigawa pr...............  0  1  0  0       Laughlin 1b................  3  0  0  0
Apke rf....................  2  0  0  0       Holt 3b....................  3  0  1  0
Siar 3b....................  2  0  1  0       Marcantonio ss.............  3  0  1  0
Evans lf...................  3  0  2  1       Morgason dh................  3  1  2  1
Jimenez dh.................  3  0  0  0       Mokler rf..................  2  0  1  0
Sleith p...................  0  0  0  0        Balodis ph................  1  0  0  0
                                              Johnson p..................  0  0  0  0
Totals..................... 30  4  9  4       Totals..................... 27  1  6  1

Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
Robert Morris....... 011 010 1 -  4  9  1
Kent State.......... 001 000 0 -  1  6  2
-----------------------------------------

E - Siar; Holt; Marcantonio. DP - Kent State 1. LOB - RMU 7; Kent State 7. 2B -
Siar; Marcantonio; Morgason; Mokler. HR - Capp; Morgason. SH - Siar; Blanton. SB -
Show.

Robert Morris                  IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP BK HP IBB  AB BF  FO GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sleith  W,14-9.............   7.0  6  1  1  1 12   2  0  0  0   27 29   3  6

Kent State                     IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP BK HP IBB  AB BF  FO GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Johnson  L,10-9............   7.0  9  4  2  1  4   0  0  0  0   30 32  10  6

WP - Sleith 2.

Strikeouts - Show; Timko 2; Jimenez; Grimes 2; Chance; Ramos 2; Ledford 2; Laughlin
3; Holt; Mokler. Walks - Apke; Blanton.

Umpires - HP: Bill Gamala  1B: Rollie Weber  3B: George Gulas
Start: 3 p.m.   Time: 1:45   Attendance: 125

Game: RMU29


Box Score

                            The Automated ScoreBook
                      Robert Morris at Kent State (Game 1)
                  04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio (KSU Softball Field)

Robert Morris 4 (19-14,5-3)

Player                    AB  R  H RBI BB SO PO  A LOB
------------------------------------------------------
Calderone 2b.............  4  0  0  0   0  0  2  1   2
Show ss..................  4  2  0  0   0  1  1  1   0
Capp 1b..................  4  1  3  1   0  0  4  0   0
 Patton pr...............  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Timko cf.................  4  0  2  2   0  2  1  0   1
Santillo c...............  4  0  1  0   0  0 12  0   2
 Tanigawa pr.............  0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Apke rf..................  2  0  0  0   1  0  1  0   0
Siar 3b..................  2  0  1  0   0  0  0  0   0
Evans lf.................  3  0  2  1   0  0  0  0   0
Jimenez dh...............  3  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   2
Sleith p.................  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  2   0
Totals................... 30  4  9  4   1  4 21  4   7

Kent State 1 (16-17,3-1)

Player                    AB  R  H RBI BB SO PO  A LOB
------------------------------------------------------
Grimes cf................  3  0  0  0   0  2  1  0   0
 Chance cf...............  1  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   0
Ramos lf.................  4  0  0  0   0  2  3  0   3
Ledford 2b...............  3  0  0  0   0  2  4  0   0
Blanton c................  1  0  1  0   1  0  4  0   0
 Starr pr................  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Laughlin 1b..............  3  0  0  0   0  3  5  1   0
Holt 3b..................  3  0  1  0   0  1  0  4   1
Marcantonio ss...........  3  0  1  0   0  0  2  1   3
Morgason dh..............  3  1  2  1   0  0  0  0   0
Mokler rf................  2  0  1  0   0  1  1  0   0
 Balodis ph..............  1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Johnson p................  0  0  0  0   0  0  1  1   0
Totals................... 27  1  6  1   1 12 21  7   7

Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
Robert Morris....... 011 010 1 -  4  9  1
Kent State.......... 001 000 0 -  1  6  2
-----------------------------------------

E - Siar; Holt; Marcantonio. DP - Kent State 1. LOB - RMU 7; Kent State 7.
2B - Siar; Marcantonio; Morgason; Mokler. HR - Capp; Morgason. SH - Siar;
Blanton. SB - Show.

Robert Morris          IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF
-----------------------------------------------
Sleith..............  7.0  6  1  1  1 12 27 29

Kent State             IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF
-----------------------------------------------
Johnson.............  7.0  9  4  2  1  4 30 32

Win - Sleith (14-9).  Loss - Johnson (10-9).  Save - None.
WP - Sleith 2.
Umpires - HP: Bill Gamala  1B: Rollie Weber  3B: George Gulas
Start: 3 p.m.   Time: 1:45   Attendance: 125
Game: RMU29


Composite Box Score

                                    The Automated ScoreBook
                   Robert Morris at Kent State (Game 1) - Composite Box Score
                          04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio (KSU Softball Field)

                          Robert Morris 4 (19-14,5-3)

Player            AB  R  H BI  2B 3B HR BB  SB CS HP SH SF SO IBB KL GDP  PO  A  E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calderone 2b       4  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   2  1  0
Show ss            4  2  0  0   0  0  0  0   1  0  0  0  0  1   0  1   0   1  1  0
Capp 1b            4  1  3  1   0  0  1  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   4  0  0
Patton pr          0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Timko cf           4  0  2  2   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  2   0  0   0   1  0  0
Santillo c         4  0  1  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0  12  0  0
Tanigawa pr        0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Apke rf            2  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  0  0
Siar 3b            2  0  1  0   1  0  0  0   0  0  0  1  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  1
Evans lf           3  0  2  1   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Jimenez dh         3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  0  0
Sleith p           0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  2  0
Totals......      30  4  9  4   1  0  1  1   1  0  0  1  0  4   0  1   0  21  4  1

                            Kent State 1 (16-17,3-1)

Player            AB  R  H BI  2B 3B HR BB  SB CS HP SH SF SO IBB KL GDP  PO  A  E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grimes cf          3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  2   0  0   0   1  0  0
Chance cf          1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  1   0   0  0  0
Ramos lf           4  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  2   0  0   0   3  0  0
Ledford 2b         3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  2   0  0   0   4  0  0
Blanton c          1  0  1  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  1  0  0   0  0   0   4  0  0
Starr pr           0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Laughlin 1b        3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  3   0  0   0   5  1  0
Holt 3b            3  0  1  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  4  1
Marcantonio ss     3  0  1  0   1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   2  1  1
Morgason dh        3  1  2  1   1  0  1  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Mokler rf          2  0  1  0   1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   1  0  0
Balodis ph         1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Johnson p          0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  1  0
Totals......      27  1  6  1   3  0  1  1   0  0  0  1  0 12   0  1   0  21  7  2

Robert Morris          IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP HB BK IBB SH SF CI  2B 3B HR  AB BF  FO GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sleith  W,14-9        7.0  6  1  1  1 12   2  0  0  0   1  0  0   3  0  1  27 29   3  6

Kent State             IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP HB BK IBB SH SF CI  2B 3B HR  AB BF  FO GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Johnson  L,10-9       7.0  9  4  2  1  4   0  0  0  0   1  0  0   1  0  1  30 32  10  6

Umpires - HP: Bill Gamala  1B: Rollie Weber  3B: George Gulas
Start: 3 p.m.   Time: 1:45   Attendance: 125

Game: RMU29


Play-by-Play

                            The Automated ScoreBook
              Robert Morris at Kent State (Game 1) - Play-by-Play
                  04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio (KSU Softball Field)


Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
Robert Morris....... 011 010 1 -  4  9  1
Kent State.......... 001 000 0 -  1  6  2
-----------------------------------------

Robert Morris starters: 21/2b Calderone; 17/ss Show; 12/1b Capp; 10/cf Timko;
24/c Santillo; 9/rf Apke; 8/3b Siar; 20/lf Evans; 28/dh Jimenez; 23/p Sleith;
Kent State starters: 28/cf Grimes; 1/lf Ramos; 10/2b Ledford; 12/c Blanton;
3/1b Laughlin; 23/3b Holt; 9/ss Marcantonio; 8/dh Morgason; 21/rf Mokler; 11/p
Johnson;

Robert Morris 1st - Calderone flied out to rf. Show struck out looking.
Capp singled to second base. Timko struck out swinging. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0
errors, 1 LOB.

Kent State 1st - Grimes flied out to cf. Ramos struck out swinging.
Ledford struck out swinging. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Robert Morris 2nd - Santillo singled up the middle. Tanigawa pinch ran
for Santillo. Apke walked; Tanigawa advanced to second. Siar out at first 3b to
2b, SAC; Apke advanced to second; Tanigawa advanced to third. Evans singled to
shortstop, RBI; Tanigawa scored. Jimenez flied out to cf. Calderone fouled out
to 2b. 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

Kent State 2nd - Santillo to c for Tanigawa. Blanton singled up the
middle. Blanton advanced to second on a wild pitch. Laughlin struck out
swinging. Holt struck out swinging. Marcantonio grounded out to ss. 0 runs,
1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Robert Morris 3rd - Show flied out to lf. Capp homered to center field,
RBI. Timko struck out swinging. Santillo popped up to ss. 1 run, 1 hit, 0
errors, 0 LOB.

Kent State 3rd - Morgason homered to left field, RBI. Mokler struck out
swinging. Grimes struck out swinging. Ramos grounded out to 1b unassisted. 1
run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Robert Morris 4th - Apke flied out to lf. Siar doubled to left center.
Evans grounded out to 3b. Jimenez grounded out to 3b. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0
errors, 1 LOB.

Kent State 4th - Ledford reached on an error by 3b. Blanton out at first
p to 2b, SAC, bunt; Ledford advanced to second. Laughlin struck out swinging.
Ledford advanced to third on a wild pitch. Holt grounded out to p. 0 runs, 0
hits, 1 error, 1 LOB.

Robert Morris 5th - Calderone reached on an error by ss. Show reached on
a fielder's choice; Calderone out at second 1b to ss. Capp singled to left
field; Show advanced to second. Timko singled to center field, RBI; Capp
advanced to second; Show scored, unearned. Patton pinch ran for Capp. Santillo
lined into double play p to 1b; Timko out on the play. 1 run, 2 hits, 1
error, 1 LOB.

Kent State 5th - Capp to 1b for Patton. Marcantonio doubled to right
center. Morgason doubled to left center; Marcantonio advanced to third. Balodis
pinch hit for Mokler. Balodis grounded out to 2b. Grimes struck out swinging.
Ramos reached on a fielder's choice; Morgason out at second ss unassisted,
interference. 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

Robert Morris 6th - Mokler to rf for Balodis. Apke flied out to lf. Siar
grounded out to 3b. Evans singled to right center. Jimenez struck out swinging.
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Kent State 6th - Ledford struck out swinging. Blanton walked. Starr
pinch ran for Blanton. Laughlin struck out swinging. Holt singled down the lf
line; Starr advanced to second. Marcantonio popped up to 2b. 0 runs, 1 hit,
0 errors, 2 LOB.

Robert Morris 7th - Blanton to c for Starr. Calderone popped up to 2b.
Show reached on an error by 3b. Capp lined out to 2b. Show stole second. Timko
singled to shortstop, advanced to second on the throw, RBI; Show scored,
unearned. Santillo grounded out to ss. 1 run, 1 hit, 1 error, 1 LOB.

Kent State 7th - Morgason fouled out to rf. Mokler doubled to left
center. Chance to cf for Grimes. Chance struck out looking. Ramos struck out
swinging. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Plate appearance breakdown


                                                      The Automated ScoreBook
                                 Robert Morris at Kent State (Game 1) - Plate Appearance Breakdown
                                            04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio (KSU Softball Field)

                                                    Robert Morris 4 (19-14,5-3)

                  ----Plate appearances---   vs    vs   RBI   With  Adv   With  Lead Bases Runnr Rnrs Rnrs 2out  Gnd  Fly
Robert Morris     TPA AB  H BB HP SH SF CI  Left Right  Ops  Runrs  Ops  2outs  Off%  Full On3rd  Adv  LOB  RBI  Out  Out
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calderone 2b......  4  4  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-4   0-1   0-1   0-1   0-1   1-3   0-0   0-0     0    2    0    0    3
Show ss...........  4  4  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-4   0-0   0-1   0-1   0-0   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    1    1
Capp 1b...........  4  4  3  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   3-4   0-0   1-2   1-2   1-1   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    1
Patton pr.........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
Timko cf..........  4  4  2  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   2-4   2-2   2-3   2-3   1-2   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    1    1    0    0
Santillo c........  4  4  1  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   1-4   0-2   0-2   0-2   0-2   1-1   0-0   0-0     0    2    0    1    2
Tanigawa pr.......  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
Apke rf...........  3  2  0  1  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-2   0-0   0-0   1-1   0-0   0-2   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    2
Siar 3b...........  3  2  1  0  0  1  0  0  0-0   1-2   0-0   0-0   1-1   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     2    0    0    2    0
Evans lf..........  3  3  2  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   2-3   1-2   1-2   1-2   1-1   0-0   0-0   1-1     0    0    0    1    0
Jimenez dh........  3  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-3   0-2   0-3   0-3   0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    2    0    1    1
Sleith p..........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
Totals............ 32 30  9  1  0  1  0  0  0-0   9-30  3-9   4-14  6-16  3-9   2-7   0-0   1-1     2    7    1    6   10

                     ------Batters faced-----                     vs    vs   With  With  Lead  Gnd  Fly
Robert Morris         BF AB  H BB HP SH SF CI 2B 3B HR WP BK KL  Left Right Runrs 2outs  Off%  Out  Out
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sleith..............  29 27  6  1  0  1  0  0  3  0  1  2  0  1  2-16  4-11  2-14  1-8   4-7     6    3


The Automated ScoreBook Robert Morris at Kent State (Game 1) - Plate Appearance Breakdown 04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio (KSU Softball Field) Kent State 1 (16-17,3-1) ----Plate appearances--- vs vs RBI With Adv With Lead Bases Runnr Rnrs Rnrs 2out Gnd Fly Kent State TPA AB H BB HP SH SF CI Left Right Ops Runrs Ops 2outs Off% Full On3rd Adv LOB RBI Out Out ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grimes cf......... 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-3 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0 0 0 0 1 Chance cf......... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Ramos lf.......... 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-4 0-0 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-3 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 3 0 2 0 Ledford 2b........ 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-3 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 1-2 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Blanton c......... 3 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 1-1 0-0 1-1 0-0 0-0 1 0 0 1 0 Starr pr.......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Laughlin 1b....... 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-3 0-0 0-2 0-3 0-3 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Holt 3b........... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1-3 0-0 0-2 1-3 1-3 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 1 0 1 0 Marcantonio ss.... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1-3 0-0 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 1-1 0-0 0-0 0 3 0 1 1 Morgason dh....... 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 2-3 0-0 1-1 1-1 1-1 0-0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 Mokler rf......... 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Balodis ph........ 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 0 0 0 1 0 Johnson p......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals............ 29 27 6 1 0 1 0 0 6-27 0-0 1-12 2-14 3-15 1-8 4-7 0-0 0-2 1 7 0 6 3 ------Batters faced----- vs vs With With Lead Gnd Fly Kent State BF AB H BB HP SH SF CI 2B 3B HR WP BK KL Left Right Runrs 2outs Off% Out Out ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Johnson............. 32 30 9 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2-4 7-26 4-14 3-9 2-7 6 10

Howe report

Game number RMU29

Robert Morris 4, Kent State 1 (04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio)

Time: 1:45      Attendance: 125  DH number: 3




Visitor batting - Robert Morris

                   AB  R  H TB 2B 3B HR   RBI CI SH SF HP   BB IB SO   SB CS GDP  PO  A  E DP    PB SBA CSB CIC

Calderone     2b -  4                                                              2  1
Show          ss -  4  2                                           1    1          1  1
Capp          1b -  4  1  3  6        1     1                                      4
 Patton       pr -  0
Timko         cf -  4     2  2              2                      2               1
Santillo      c  -  4     1  1                                                    12
 Tanigawa     pr -  0  1
Apke          rf -  2                                        1                     1
Siar          3b -  2     1  2  1                 1                                      1
Evans         lf -  3     2  2              1
Jimenez       dh -  3                                              1
Sleith        p  -  0                                                                 2
Totals......     - 30  4  9 13  1  0  1     4  0  1  0  0    1  0  4    1  0  0   21  4  1  0     0   0   0  0


Visitor pitching - Robert Morris

                   IP  H AB TBF R ER HR   CI SH SF HB   BB IB SO   WP BK    GS  GF  CG SHO CBO

Sleith       W    7.0  6 27 29  1  1  1       1          1    12    2        1       1
Totals......      7.0  6 27 29  1  1  1    0  1  0  0    1  0 12    2  0     1   0   1   0   0

Game: RMU29

Game number RMU29 Robert Morris 4, Kent State 1 (04/04/12 at Kent, Ohio) Home batting - Kent State AB R H TB 2B 3B HR RBI CI SH SF HP BB IB SO SB CS GDP PO A E DP PB SBA CSB CIC Grimes cf - 3 2 1 Chance cf - 1 1 Ramos lf - 4 2 3 Ledford 2b - 3 2 4 Blanton c - 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 Starr pr - 0 Laughlin 1b - 3 3 5 1 1 Holt 3b - 3 1 1 1 4 1 Marcantonio ss - 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 Morgason dh - 3 1 2 6 1 1 1 Mokler rf - 2 1 2 1 1 1 Balodis ph - 1 Johnson p - 0 1 1 1 1 Totals...... - 27 1 6 12 3 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 12 0 0 0 21 7 2 1 0 1 0 0 Home pitching - Kent State IP H AB TBF R ER HR CI SH SF HB BB IB SO WP BK GS GF CG SHO CBO Johnson L 7.0 9 30 32 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 Totals...... 7.0 9 30 32 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Box Proof - Robert Morris Box Proof - Kent State R 4 AB 30 R 1 AB 27 LOB 7 BB 1 LOB 7 BB 1 PO 21 SH 1 DP: 0 PO 21 SH 1 DP: 1 SF 0 SF 0 HBP 0 HBP 0 CI 0 CI 0 -- -- -- -- 32 32 29 29 Score by Innings R H E ----------------------------------------- Robert Morris....... 011 010 1 - 4 9 1 Kent State.......... 001 000 0 - 1 6 2 -----------------------------------------